peggy noonan lives in new york and writes a weekly column for the wall street journal. this piece is taken from one of them. in it she reflects on her week and on life in the city. writing less than a year away from the destruction of the world trade center, her thoughts are inevitably affected by that terrible event.

佩吉·诺南住在纽约，每周为《华尔街时报》撰写专栏文章。本文即其中一篇。她在文章中反思了自己的一周以及这个城市的生活。撰写此文时，离世贸中心被毁还不到一周年，她的思考不可避免地带有这一可怕事件的阴影。

the nightmare and the dreams

梦魇与梦想

-- how has sept. 11 affected our national unconscious?

――9·11事件如何影响了国民的潜意识?

peggy noonan

佩吉·诺南

it is hot in new york. it is so hot that once when i had a fever a friend called and asked me how i felt and i said, "you know how dry and hot paper feels when it's been faxed? that's how i feel." and how i felt all day yesterday. it is hot. we feel as if we've been faxed.

纽约真热。天气如此炎热，因此，有一次我发高烧，朋友打电话来问候我感觉如何时，我就说，“你知道发传真时纸张有多干燥多烫手吗?那就是我的感觉。”昨天整整一天我都是这种感觉。太热了。我们觉得自己被传真过似的。

i found myself fully awake at 5 a.m. yesterday and went for a walk on the brooklyn bridge. now more than ever the bridge seems like a great gift to my city. it spans. in the changed landscape of downtown it is our undisturbed beauty, grown ever more stately each year. people seem to love it more now, or at least mention it more or notice it more. so do i. it's always full of tourists but always full of new yorkers, too.

昨天清晨5点我就完全醒了，便去布鲁克林大桥散步。如今这座大桥越发像是赐予我们这个城市的一件贵重礼物。它跨河而立。在业已改变的市区景观中，它依旧是一道美丽的景致，年复一年，越发显得气势非凡。如今，人们似乎更喜欢它，至少是更多地提到它、注意到它。本人也一样。桥上总是挤满游客，也总是挤满纽约居民。

i am struck, as i always am when i'm on it, that i am walking on one of the engineering wonders of the world. and i was struck yesterday that i was looking at one of the greatest views in the history of man's creation, manhattan at sunrise.

我在这座桥上行走时总是深感骄傲，因为自己漫步在世界工程技术一大奇迹之上;今天踏上这座桥，我同样深感骄傲。昨天我深受感动，因为我在观看有人类创造史以来最辉煌的景象之一：曼哈顿日出。

and all of it was free. a billionaire would pay billions to own this bridge and keep this view, but i and my jogging, biking and hiking companions have it for nothing. we inherited it. now all we do is pay maintenance, in the form of taxes. we are lucky.

而且那是分文不花的。亿万富翁要想拥有这座桥，将这一景致占为己有，那得付出亿万钱财，而我以及那些或慢跑、或骑车、或徒步的同行者却能免费享用。我们继承了这座大桥。如今我们所要做的只是以纳税的方式支付维修费用。我辈实属有幸。

as i rounded the entrance to the bridge on the brooklyn side, a small moment added to my happiness. it was dawn, traffic was light, i passed a black van with smoked windows. in the driver's seat with the window down was a black man of 30 or so, a cap low on his brow, wearing thick black sunglasses. i was on the walkway that leads to the bridge; he was less than two feet away; we were the only people there. we made eye contact. "good morning!" he said. "good morning to you," i answered, and for no reason at all we started to laugh, and moved on into the day. nothing significant in it except it may or may not have happened that way 30 or 40 years ago. i'm not sure the full charge of friendliness would have been assumed or answered.

我从布鲁克林一边上桥时，一件小事更增添了我的快乐。天刚亮，车辆稀少，我与一辆车窗熏黑的黑色面包车擦肩而过。窗开着的驾驶座里坐着一个30岁左右的黑人，帽子低低地压在眉檐上，戴着一副厚厚的黑色太阳镜。我走在通往大桥的人行道上，他距我不到两英尺;周围只有我们两个人。我们目光对视。“早上好!”他说。“早上好，”我回答着，两人随即无缘无故地大笑起来，笑罢各人继续各人的生活。这事并没有什么特别的意义，只是30年或40年前是不是会发生这样的事。我不知道那时会不会有这种完全友好的表示，又会不会得到回应。

it made me think of something i saw monday night on tv. they were showing the 1967 movie "guess who's coming to dinner?" with katharine hepburn, sidney poitier and spencer tracy, about a young white woman and a young black man who fall in love, hope to marry and must contend with disapproving parents on both sides. it's held up well, and parts of it seemed moving in a way i didn't remember, and pertinent.

这让我想起星期一晚上看的电视节目。他们播放的是1967年的影片《猜猜谁来赴晚餐》，由凯瑟琳·赫本、辛尼·普瓦提艾和斯潘塞·特雷西主演，讲的是一个白人姑娘与一个黑人小伙子相爱，想要结婚，不得不与持反对态度的双方父母做斗争。影片拍得不错，故事的部分细节似乎很感人，如何感人我记不清楚了，反正很切题。

there was a bit of dialogue that packed a wallop. spencer tracy as the father of the would-be bride is pressing mr. poitier on whether he has considered the sufferings their mixed-race children might have to endure in america. has he thought about this? has his fiancée? "she is optimistic," says mr. poitier. "she thinks every one of them will grow up to become president of the united states. i on the other hand would settle for secretary of state." those words, written 35 years ago may have seemed dreamy then. but in its audience when the movie came out would likely have been a young, film-loving army lieutenant named colin powell who, that year, was preparing for a second tour of duty in vietnam. and now he is secretary of state. this is the land dreams are made of. does that strike you as a corny thing to say and talk about? it is. that's another great thing.

有几段对话让人为之震动。饰演未来新娘父亲的斯潘塞·特雷西质问普瓦提艾先生，他是否想过他们混血的孩子在美国将会承受多少痛苦。他考虑过这点吗?他的未婚妻考虑过这点吗?“她很乐观，”普瓦提艾先生说。“她认为他们每个人都能长大成人当上美国总统。而我则觉得他们能当国务卿也就可以了。”这些写于35年前的话当时听上去或许就像是痴人说梦。但影片上映时，观众中可能就有爱看电影的年轻的陆军中尉科林·鲍威尔，当年他正准备第二次到越南去服役。如今他正担任着国务卿一职。这是个梦想成真的国度。这么说你是否觉得有点老生常谈?这又是一件美妙的事情。

late tuesday, on a subway ride from brooklyn to the north of manhattan, i resaw something i'd noticed and forgotten about. it is that more and more, on the streets and on the train, i see people wearing id tags. we all wear ids now. we didn't use to. they hang from thick cotton string or an aluminum chain; they're worn one at a time or three at a time, but they're there.

星期二晚些时候，在从布鲁克林开往曼哈顿北部的地铁上，我又看到一个我注意过，可后来又忘了的现象。那就是大街上，地铁里，我越来越经常地发现人们挂着表明身份的胸卡。如今人人都佩带胸卡。过去我们是不带的。胸卡吊在粗棉线或铝制链上;有的佩带一张，有的同时佩带三张，反正胸卡处处可见。

i ponder the implications. what does it mean that we wear ids? what are we saying, or do we think we're saying? i mean aside from the obvious.

我思索着这一现象意味着什么。大家随身携带身份证件，这意味着什么?我们是在表明什么?或者说我们自以为是在表明什么?我指的是表象之外的意义。

i imagined yesterday the row of people across from me on the train, looking up all of a sudden from their newspaper and answering one after another:

假设昨天地铁车厢里我对面的那排人一下子放下报纸抬起头来，逐个回答道：

"it means i know who i am," says the man in blue shirt and suspenders.

“这意味着我知道自己是谁，”穿蓝衬衫和吊裤带的那个男子说。

"it means i can get into the building," says the woman in gray.

“这意味着我能进办公楼，”那个灰衣女子说。

"it means i am a solid citizen with a job."

“这表明我是个有职业的体面公民。”

"i am known to others in my workplace."

“在工作场所别人知道我是谁。”

"i'm not just blowing through life, i'm integrated into it. i belong to something. i receive a regular paycheck."

“我不是在混日子，我融入了生活。我有所归属。我有固定的工资。”

"i have had a background check done by security and have been found to be a safe person. have you?"

“安检部门对我的背景来历核查过，认定我为人可靠。你呢?”

i wonder if unemployed people on the train look at the tags around the other peoples' necks and think. soon i hope i'll have one too. i wonder if kids just getting their first job at 17 will ever know that in america we didn't all use to be id'd. used to be only for people who worked in nuclear power plants or great halls of government. otherwise you could be pretty obscure. which isn't a bad way to be.

我不知道车上那些失业的人看着别人头颈里吊着的胸卡，会不会有什么想法。我希望不久我也有张胸卡。我不知道那些刚刚开始工作的17岁的小伙子们会不会知晓，以前在美国，我们并不是人人携带身份证的。过去只有在核电站或政府办公大楼里工作的人才用。在别处，没人会知道你是谁。这可不是件坏事。

a month ago there were news reports of a post-sept. 11 baby boom. everyone was so rocked by news of their mortality that they realized there will never be a perfect time to have kids but we're here now so let's have a family. i believed the baby boom story and waited for the babies.

一个月前，有关于9·11事件之后出现生育高峰的新闻报道。大家为那些关于死亡的报道所震惊，意识到决没有什么生养孩子的时机，现在我们既然活着，就该生儿育女。我相信关于生育高峰报道的真实性，期待着这些孩子的出生。

then came the stories saying: nah, there is no baby boom, it's all anecdotal, there's no statistical evidence to back it up. and i believed that too. but i've been noticing something for weeks now. in my neighborhood there is a baby boom. there are babies all over in brooklyn. it is full of newborns, of pink soft-limbed infants in cotton carriers on daddy's chest. it is full of strollers, not only regular strollers but the kind that carry two children -- double-wides. and triple-wides. i don't care what anyone says, there have got to be data that back up what i'm seeing: that after sept. 11, there was at least a brooklyn baby boom.

后来又有报道说，不对，没有什么生育高峰，那完全是道听途说，并没有统计数据加以证实。我也相信这一报道的真实性。但好几个星期以来我一直关注着一个情况。我家附近出现了生育高峰。布鲁克林到处都是婴儿。处处可见新生婴儿，处处可见粉嘟嘟的、小手小脚软软的婴儿，他们蜷伏在父亲胸前的棉兜里。处处可见婴儿小推车，不仅是普通的小推车，还有那种可放两个婴儿的小推车。甚至还有可放三个婴儿的小推车。别人怎么说我不管，应该有数据证实我目睹的情况：9·11事件之后，至少在布鲁克林出现了生育高峰。

a dream boom, too. the other day i spoke with a friend i hadn't seen since the world changed. he was two blocks away when the towers fell, and he saw everything. we have all seen the extraordinary footage of that day, seen it over and over, but few of us have seen what my friend described: how in the office buildings near the world trade center they stood at the windows and suddenly darkness enveloped them as the towers collapsed and the demonic cloud swept through. did you see those forced to jump? i asked.

夜梦也激增。一天我跟事件发生后一直没见过面的一位朋友交谈。世贸大楼倒下时，他就在两个街区之外，目睹了一切。我们都看过当日那令人震惊的电视镜头，看过一遍又一遍，但很少有人看到过我朋友所描述的情景：在世贸中心近旁的办公大楼里，他们站在窗边，突然黑暗将他们笼罩，那两幢楼倒塌了，可怕的浓烟迅速蔓延。你有没有看到那些被迫往下跳的人?我问。

"yes," he said, and looked away.

“看到，”他说着移开了视线。

have you had bad dreams?

你有没有做噩梦?

"yes," he said, and looked away.

“做的，”他说着，仍看着别处。

i thought about this for a few days. my friend is brilliant and by nature a describer of things felt and seen. but not this time. i spoke to a friend who is a therapist. are your patients getting extraordinary dreams? i asked.

我好几天都想着这事。我的这位朋友才华横溢，天生擅长描述自己的感受与见闻。但这次却例外。我跟一位当治疗专家的朋友交谈。你的病人是不是都做些稀奇古怪的梦?我问。

"always," he laughs.

“总是做那样的梦，”他笑了起来。

sept.11-related?

都跟9·11事件有关?

"yes," he says, "mostly among adolescents. "

“是的，”他说，“主要都是青少年。”

i asked if he was saving them, writing them down. he shook his head no.

我问他有没有把这些梦收集好记下来。他摇了摇头。

so: the sept. 11 dream project. we should begin it. i want to, though i'm not sure why. i think maybe down the road i will try to write about them. maybe not. i am certain, however, that dreams can be an expression of a nation's unconscious, if there can be said to be such a thing, and deserve respect. (carl jung thought so.)

是啊：9·11梦录项目。我们应该着手进行了。本人有意去做，虽说我自己也不太清楚到底为什么。我想，以后也许我会试着把那些梦写下来。也许不会。但我相信，梦可以反映国民的潜意识――如果真有所谓潜意识――而且值得把梦当一回事。(卡尔·荣格持肯定态度。)

to respect is to record. send in your sept. 11 related dream -- recurring, unusual, striking, whatever. i will read them, and appreciate them and possibly weave them into a piece on what sept. 11 has done to our dream lives and to our imaginations, when our imaginations are operating on their own, unfettered, unstopped, spanning.

既然值得当回事就要记录下来。请把你做的与9·11事件有关的梦寄给我――一再重复的，不同寻常的，惊人的，等等。我会阅读你们的来函，会理解，可能的话会将它们编成一篇文章，反映9·11事件对我们的梦幻生活和想象力――即当我们的想象力独立地、无拘无束地、毫无牵绊地持续发挥时――产生了什么影响。

大学英语教案篇2

教学目标：

1，让幼儿区分红色，黄色，蓝色，绿色四种颜色，

2，学会认知red,yellow,blue.green.这四个英语单词。

3，培养孩子的颜色辨别能力和反应能力。

4，让孩子在游戏中感受学习英语的乐趣。

教学准备：

1，红色，黄色，蓝色，绿色四色卡片各一张。并在对应颜色的卡片上写好red,yellow,blue.green.

2，贴纸圈圈数个，各色玩具两个，一个大纸箱。小篮子两个。

教学过程：

1，开始部分：

用电子琴弹奏律动音乐，并用口号（小手拍拍拍起来，我的小手拍起来，小朋友们上课了）来稳定幼儿情绪，组织幼儿坐好。

2，基本部分：

（1）手执卡片，提出问题。（小朋友知不知道老师手中拿的卡片是什么颜色，谁知道？待小朋友回答后告诉小朋友颜色及其英语的读法）

（2）用换位教学法来让小朋友读英语单词，如：老师说红色，小朋友读red.老师读red,小朋友说红色。以此类推。

（3）把卡片分发给小朋友，老师说red.就请拿到红色卡片的小朋把卡片举起来。老师说yellow,就请拿到黄色卡片的小朋友把卡片举起来，以此类推。巩固孩子对颜色的认知能力，以及反应能力。

3，游戏。跳圈找颜色。

（1）把贴纸圈圈贴在教室地上。

（2）把孩子分成两组，分别站在各自的起跑线上。

（3）将玩具放入大纸箱。纸箱离起跑线7米左右。

老师说“开始”，红色red .两组第一名小朋友手里拿着篮子开始跳圈跳到终点，然后在大纸箱里找带有老师指定颜色的'玩具放在篮子里。然后带着篮子跑回到起跑回到起跑线。以此类推。游戏结束后请小朋友告诉老师都拿到了什么颜色的玩具，用英语回答。

1，注意孩子可能会抢同一个玩具。而且孩子一定要规定好每一圈都要跳到。

2，表扬孩子做得很棒，学得很好，并讲故事作为奖励。（三只小猪）

3，学习英语儿歌《colours》。歌词如下：

red, yellow, blue and green stand up and stretch up high above your head.

red, yellow, blue and green sit down .

4，提问小朋友喜欢吃什么水果，各种水果的颜色用英语应该怎么读。答以奖励小贴画。

8，同时提问小朋友，今天跟老师学了什么？学会了没有？重新读童词数遍，

8，课后延伸：请小朋友回去和爸爸妈妈探讨还有什么水果是红色，黄色，蓝色，绿色的？告诉爸爸妈妈我今天学到了什么？

大学英语教案篇3

1.知识目标

(1) new words and phrases:

place, twenty-first, bank, theatre, book shop, toilet, museum, front, in front of, left ,right, side, on the left/right side, all the same, need, ask for, along, road, turn, turning, metre(meter), kilometer(kilometre), had better(do), coin, keep, as, moment, tell, street, next to, around

(2)日常交际用语：

excuse me. where’s…? where’s the nearest hospital, please?

it’s next to …/in front of …/outside…/on the left/right side.

thank you all the same.

you’d (had)better catch a bus.

which bus do i take?

go down this street.

(3)语法项目：表示需要：he needs some help.

询问方向：where is the nearest hospital, please?

指点方向：go along this road .it ‘s only 100 meters along on the left.

(4)语音：/ei/ a ay /ai/i ie y / ri/oi oy

2.能力目标：

(1)使学生掌握英语的问路和指点方向的交际用语并能够在教师创设的情景中灵活运用。

(2)使学生能够读懂课文并能回答课后的问题，按照课文内容表演游戏。

(3)使学生掌握相关表示方向的介词短语，并能根据情景做口头和笔头练习。

(4)使学生能听懂与课文难度相当的文章，并能迅速对听力材料中的相关地点和方向路线做出判断。

3.德育目标：

通过教学让学生注意在日常生活中注意礼貌用语，乐于帮助别人。

通过学习，让学生感受到在生活中受人帮助的欣慰和帮助别人的兴奋之情，培养学生乐于助人的品质。

教学重点和难点：

询问方向(asking for directions)指点方向(giving direction)是本单元的重点和难点。

教学建议

教材分析

本单元的主要教学内容是问路，从第一课简单的介绍某地在何处。到第二课如何问路和指路。到第四课的扩展练习。问路的相关用语由易到难，由简单到复杂贯穿始终。教师应在教学过程循序渐进，注意打好基础。本单元中第二十三课中还有一个小的游戏，该游戏主要是训练学生阅读理解能力，同时也能活跃课堂气氛，使学生会在快乐中学习。

关于日常交际用语分析(询问方向和指点方向)

问路一般包括四个方面的内容：(1)引起话题：excuse me… (2) 询问路在何方：how can i get to …? (3)指路：walk along / down… (4) 致谢：thank you.

excuse me, (but…) 通常用于以下几种情景：

(1)引起别人注意。(2)请求让路、躲开时。(3)向人问路或打听消息时。(4)在席间或聚会上等离开一会儿时。(5)谈话间或会间突然打喷嚏、咳嗽时。

询问方向的表达法:

在向别人打听情况、征询意见时，常用excuse me;在向别人提出请求时，常用could you…? 而不用can you…? 更显得礼貌。

(1)excuse me，where’s the bus station?请问车站在哪?

(2)excuse me，which is the way to the bus station?请问，哪一条是去车站的路?

(3)excuse me，can you tell me the way to the bus station?请问，你能告诉我车站的路吗?

(4)excuse me, how can i get to the bus station?请问，我如何能到达车站?

(5)excuse me, is there a bus station near here?请问附近有车站吗?

指点方向的表达法：

如果别人向你问路，你熟悉这条路，你又该如何帮助别人呢?下面是几种指点方问的表达法：

(1)go along this street. 或walk along this street. 沿这条街道走。

(2)take the (second ) turning on the left / right.第(2)个十字路口左(右)转。

(3)it’s about (four) kilometers away form here.离这大约(4)公里远。

(4)the bus station is along that road on the right.车站是沿着那条路的右边。

(5)it’s next to the police station. 它与警察局相邻。

(6)it’s about ten kilometers away. 大约10公里远。

(7)it’s quite far / near from here. 离这儿相当远/近。

(8)it about (five) minutes’ walk form here.从这儿步行大约5分钟。

注：别人向你问路，即使你不知道，你也要说：

i’m sorry i don’t know. 对方应回答道：thank you all the same.

表示需要：need +名词或need + to + v. ……

(1)he needs a number 2 bus. 他需乘2路车。

(2)you need to take a taxi. 你需要乘出租车。

关于口语的教学建议

本单元的教学活动主要是围绕问路这一展开。而这个可为口语练习提供丰富的素材和场景，所以口语教学是本单元的重点。

(1)第20课是简单的询问方向。要求学生在熟练掌握表示方向的介词用法的基础上，利用图片和媒体资料创设情景，进行口语练习。例如：教师在黑板上画出一张简易地图，用各种的形状的硬纸片上面写上不同的地点，分别贴在公路两侧。如图所示：

然后让学生就内容进行对话练习。教师可以用顶针的手法连续进行快速提问，以锻炼学生的反应能力和句型熟练程度如：where is the school? it is next to the hospital. where is the hospital? it is in front of the factory. where is the factory? it is behind the hotel. 然后，教师可以重新调整图片的位置，让学生再进行练习。

(2)在22课的对话教学中，教师在教学过程中可以先让预习好的学生做表演，在表演的过程中，边演边总结问路的三种情况：第一种情况是指明路线。第二种情况是乘车的回答。第三种情况是不知路线的答复。然后，再请学生进行替换词练习。教师可以设计一个问路的情景，将学生分成三个大组，每个大组选择上述一种情况。每个大组又以两人为单位分成几个小组，进行练习。每个大组选出一个练习情况好的小组代表本组进行角色表演。情景设计如下：mike moves into new house. one day, her friend lily want to see her. but she doesn’t know the way. what can she do? at this moment, a boy comes up to her. how does mary ask the way?

(3)在24 课的口语练习中，学生可进一步加大练习的综合性，使这个练习更贴近实际生活，给学生更多的发挥的空间。教师只提供地图和要去的地点，要学生自己设计情景，编写对话，教师出示问题where is b? how can i get to b from a? where is c? how to get to c from b? how can i get to a from c?

下面是学生设计情景和对话：

mary is going to the theater to see a concert. but she doesn’t know the way. so she ask a policeman.

mary: excuse me! i want to go to the theater. where is the theater?

police man: it is next to the factory, in front of the library.

mary: can you tell me the way to the theater?

policeman: walk along this road; turn left at the first turning. go straight the street. the theater is on the left of the road. it is about three miles from here.

mary: thank you.

when the concert is over, mary is tired; she wants to go home by bus .so she asks the police man again how to get to the bus station. but when she gets to bus station, it is too late, and there are no buses in it .so she has to ask the way three times to get home.(问路具体内容模仿本课第二十二课对话内容)

总之，教师在安排口语练习时应逐步的从简单到复杂，由单项到综合，由机械训练到学生自由的表演。

有关听力的教学建议

本单元的听力教学难点在于如何听懂指路人的指令，从而找到要去的地点。

教师可以在学生听第一遍时，先找出出发点和目的地。然后，看一下地图，迅速判断一下应该怎样走，并要求学生用英语讲出自己设计的路线。然后在听第二遍后，再按照材料的内容，在地图上画出相应的路线，并验证与自己设计路线是否一致，这样有助于分解听力难度，帮助学生排除听力障碍。

教师可以组织一个小游戏以训练学生听清有关指令，在教室中摆几个路牌如the beijing zoo. the beijing university 等。两个学生分别向对方讲述所要去的路线。看那个学生先找到要去的地点。教师可以拿表计时，当裁判。教师对先到达目标的同学进行奖励。(注意学生需要按照对方所提供的路线到达目标)要求学生必需先听完指令再开始行动。

有关单词教学建议

本单元第一课表示地点和方向的单词比较多。建议教师在设计练习时把表示方向的介词和表示地点的名词结合在一起练习，教师使用图片教学，效果较佳。如：教师向学生出示一张银行的图片如课本page iv,，教师进行介绍this is a bank .然后将图片贴在黑板上。教师出示一张书店的图片如课本page iv, 教师进行介绍this is a shop.将图片贴在银行的前面。分别指着图向大家介绍：the shop is in front of the bank.通过演示让学生体会in front of 的含义。接着，教师在把商店的图片换成博物馆或厕所的图片，引导学生说出the museum /the toilet is in front of the bank.随后，教师可以将图片交换位置，使学生能够更加熟练的掌握介词的用法。使用同样的办法可以讲解其它单词。

学法指导

本单元的话题是用英语问路。“询问方向”(asking for directions)及特点方向(giving directions)。因此，可采用大量的操练来让学生熟悉句型。同时重点掌握表示方位的介词短语以及简单的询问方向、指点方向的方法，并达到实现交际的目的。

he needs some help.他需要一些帮助。

这里，need作及物动词是需要的意思。例如：i need your help。need还可以后面接动词不定式例如：i need to have a rest.(我需要休息)除此而外，need还可以做情态动词。但只用于某些疑问句和否定句中。它的一般疑问句的回答方式往往用must 和needn’t来回答。例如：need you leave so soon?

–yes, i must. /no, i needn’t.

you’d better catch a bus. 你最好乘车去。

you’d better是you had better的缩写形式，情态动词，后面接动词原形。其否定式为had better not to do。它常带有威胁，告诫或催促的含义。例如：

it is very cold outside. you had better put on your sweater.(外面冷，你最好穿上毛衣)

the teacher is very angry. you had better not be late again.(老师生气了，你最好不要再迟到)

catch a bus意为“乘车”、“赶车”，和take a bus意义接近，但不完全相同。take a bus指“乘坐”，和介词短语“by bus”, “in a bus”差不多，它们都指方式，交通手段，和其他手段相区别，而catch a bus 指行动为争取能赶上汽车。如：

you may go there by bus.(=you may take a bus there.)你们乘公共汽车却那儿吧。

比较in front of 和in/at the front of 的不同。

in/at the front of是指在某一范围内的前面。而in front of是指在某一范围以外的前面。如图：

例如：the car stops in the front of the gate,and the driver in front of car open the door of the door. 汽车停在大门前，车前座的司机把车门打开。

the other students in the class keep their eyes closed.班里的其他学生闭上眼睛。

keep+名词/代词+形容词，表示使某人或某物保持某种状态。此句型为主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语。例如：

we must keep our room clean and tidy.(我们必需保持屋子的干净和整洁)

同样的例子还有：

don’t call me little tom.(不要再叫我小汤姆了。)

“keep +宾语+宾语补足语”结构

此结构的含义为“使(宾语)处于……(状态)”。其中的“宾补”成分可以由很多结构充当。如形容词、介词短语、名词(组)或动词的-ing形式等。

“keep sb. / sth. +形容词”结构，如在keep one’s eyes closed这一短语中，动词keep表示“保持”，形容词closed表示“闭着”。连起来可理解为“使眼睛闭着状态”，即“闭着眼”。再如：

keep the box open, please.请让这个箱子开着。

this little girl always keeps her room nice and clean.这个小女孩总是使房间保持美观整洁。

“keep sb. / sth. +介词短语”也是一种常用结构，如：

don’t come in, i must keep you outside the door.别进来，我得把你堵在门外面。

he kept his hands behind his back.他一直把手放在背后。

“keep sb. / sth. +动词-ing”结构的用法，这个结构意为“让某人或某物(长时间地)进行着某个动作”。如：

the teacher kept bob standing for ten minutes.老师让bob站了十分钟。

辨析along，down 和 up

作介词时，它们均能表示“顺着”，“沿着”，后面一般接表示河流，街道，道路的名词。如：

go down/along this road and take the first turning on the left.

沿着这条马路走，在第一个拐弯处向左拐。

we often take a walk along/down/up the road.我们经常沿着这条路散步。

要注意的是：介词“down”有时含有“在下游”的意思，介词“up”则含有“在上游”的意思。如：

the house is 300 metres up/down the river.房子在这条河上游/下游300米处。

down含有离说话人而去的意思，介词up则含朝说话人而来之意，along 不强调方向。试比较：

who’s the man coming up/going down the road?沿着这条路走来/走去的那个人是谁?

另外，介词up有向上之意，介词down则有“往下”之意。如：

the cat is running up the tree.猫正往树上爬去。

the dogs are running down the hill.狗正从山上跑下来。

这三个词还可用作副词，意为“向前”，如：

the farm is about 30 metres along.农场大约在前面30米远处。

please walk down. don t come up.请往前走，别朝这儿来。

教学设计示例

lesson 21

period: the first period

content: lesson 21

properties: map, recorder.

teaching objectives: show places on the map; ask for and give directions in the simplest way.

language focus:

in front of, next to, on the left/right side, thank you all the same.

teaching procedures:

i. organizing the class

greeting and a duty report.

ii. revision

revise the language focus in the last unit.

Ⅲ. leading - in

1. make conversations with several students, like

teacher: excuse me. where’s the nearest …?

excuse me. how far is __× (an important place near school)?

is there __× near our school?

students: answer with the help of the teacher

teacher: thank you very much.

thank you all the same.

2. (to students) are you good at distinguishing directions? are you always ready to help someone who can’t find his way?

Ⅳ. practice

1. look at the picture in the book and ask students to work in pairs to practise showing places, using prepositional phrases like “next to, in front of, behind, outside and on the left/right side”

eg. there’s a school next to the supermarket. in front of/behind the school, there’s a market.

2. call 3 pairs to say out their dialogues.

v. teaching dialogues

1. show students some maps and ask them for directions, using the patterns in the book.

excuse me. where’s the nearest __×?

2. listen to the tape.

3. read the dialogue in the book

4. game: which place is it?

(with the help of a map, on which some places are marked).

one student describes the location, asks other students to guess the place.

Ⅵ. consolidation

go over the lesson.

Ⅶ. exercises in class

fill in the blanks

1. there’s a cinema next ____ the shop.

2. ____ the left side of the room, there’s a desk.

3. -i’m sorry i can’t help you. -_____________.

4. please come to the front and stand ____________ the class.

key: to, on, thank you all the same, in front of.

complete the dialogue

a: ________ _______, where is the nearest police station, please?

b: i’m _______, i don’t know. please ________ that man.

a: thank you _______ ________ _______. excuse me, where is the police station, please?

c: _______ over there, next ________ the post office.

a: thank you ________ _______.

c: not ________ _______.

key: excuse me, sorry, ask, all the same, it’s, to, very much, at all.

Ⅷ. homework

make 2 dialogues asking for directions (draw maps).

Ⅸ. the design of the blackboard

lesson 21

where’s …?

it’s next to the …/in front of the … /behind the … /outside the…/ on the left/ right side.

教学设计示例

lesson 22

teaching objectives: dialogues of asking for and giving directions.

properties: tape recorder, map, overhead projector

language focus:

asking for directions: is there a bank near here?

where’s the nearest hospital, please?

giving directions: go along this road.

take the first turning on the right.

it’s about a hundred metres along on the left.

it’s about 6 kilometers along.

expressing needs: he needs some help.

you take a number 16 bus.

which number do i take?

you’d better (not) ask sb. for sth.

teaching procedures:

i. organizing the class

greetings and a presentation.

ii. revision

revise the ways of asking for and giving directions in a simple way.

iii. leading - in

the teacher asks several students the directions to some places near school, using different ways of asking for directions. ask sb to give directions.

excuse me. where’s the people’s hospital?

could you tell me the way to beijing zoo, please?

excuse me, which is the way to purple bamboo park?

is there a macdonald’s near here?

vi. practice

1. show ways of asking for and giving directions on a flashcard.

2. groupwork: sb work in groups to ask for and give directions.

3. act out

x. listen and read

1. listen and read through the dialogues.

2. get students to practise the dialogues in the book.

3. use a map to ask students to practise asking for and giving directions.

xi. exercises in class

1. a: excuse me. which is the____ to east park, please?

b: let me see. er, walk ____ this road and ____ right. go ____ until you____ the end. you’ll find the park in front of you.

2. a: excuse me. can you give me ____ to the post office, please?

b: sure. go ____ this street and ____ right. then you’ll see a tall building. that’s the ____, and it s between the zoo ____ the fruit shop. you can’t ____ it.

a: is it ____ from here?

b: no, it s quite near. it’ll only ____ you about 10 minutes if you walk there.

a: thanks a lot.

b: you’re welcome.

3. rewrite the sentences as required.

(1)walk along this road. (1 - 5 同义句)

______ ______ this road.

(2)take the fifth turning on the left.

_______ left _______ the fifth turning.

(3) i can get to the zoo by bus.

i can ______ a bus ______ the zoo.

(4) my father is going to beijing by air tomorrow.

my father _______ _______ to beijing tomorrow.

(5) she needn’t clean the room every day.

she _______ _______ to clean the room every day.

(6)the park is about 6 kilometres away. (对画线部分提问)

______ ______ is the park?

(7)you will take a no.6 bus. (同上)

______ ______ shall i ______?

(8) mr. zhang needs some help. (改一般疑问句)

______ mr. zhang ______ ______ help?

key:

1. way, along/down, turn, on, reach

2. directions, along/down, turn, post office, and, miss, far, take.

3.(1) go along (2) turn, at (3) take, to@ will fly (5) doesnt have (6) how far (7) which bus, take (8) does, need any

xii. homework

make a dialogue asking for and giving directions.

xiii. the design of the blackboard

lesson 22

know the way take the …turning

need some help a hundred metres along… away

ask …for help

教学设计示例

lesson 23

大学英语教案篇4

the features of illinois are not striking; they do not leap to the eye but lie flat and at first appear monotonous. the roads are wide, hard, perfect, sometimes of a shallow depth in the far distance but so nearly level as to make you feel that the earth really is flat. from east and west, travelers dart across these prairies into the huge horizons and through cornfields that go on forever; giant skies, giant clouds, an eternal nearly featureless sameness. you find it hard to travel slowly. the endless miles pressed flat by the ancient glacier seduce you into speeding. as the car eats into the distances you begin gradually to feel that you are riding upon the floor of the continent, the very bottom of it, low and flat, and an impatient spirit of movement, of overtaking and urgency passes into your heart.

伊利诺伊的地貌平平常常，没有引人注目之处。平坦的地势，初初看来单调乏味。道路宽阔坚实，毫无损毁，有时遥看有个不深的凹陷，可差不多全是那么平坦，你禁不住以为地球实际上是平的。从东到西，从西到东，旅人飞快地驶过茫茫大草原，驶向苍茫天际，穿过一望无际的玉米地;高不可测的苍穹，硕大的云朵，老是几乎平淡无奇、千篇一律。你很难缓慢地行驶。被古冰川挤压得平平坦坦的无尽长路诱使你加快车速。汽车渐行渐远，你这才开始逐步意识到自己正穿行在北美大陆的底部，地势最低之处，既低又平坦，这时一种亟欲行进、急着想超车的焦躁情绪在心头滋生。

miles and miles of prairie, slowly rising and falling, sometimes give you a sense that something is in the process of becoming, or that the liberation of a great force is imminent, some power, like michelangelo's slave only half released from the block of stone. conceivably the mound-building indians believed their resurrection would coincide with some such liberation, and built their graves in imitation of the low moraines deposited by the departing glaciers. but they have not yet been released and remain drowned in their waves of earth. they have left their bones, their flints and pots, their place names and tribal names and little besides except a stain, seldom vivid, on the consciousness of their white successors.

连绵不断的大草原徐徐起伏，有时会让你觉得有什么东西正在生成，或是即刻将有伟力释放，某种力，一如米开朗琪罗的奴隶雕像只浮现半个身形。可以想象，擅长构筑土墩的印第安人相信人的死而复生会与某种类似的释放同时发生，所以他们在建造墓茔时模仿离去的冰川积下的低矮冰碛。然而，他们迄今未能复苏，仍掩埋在泥土中。他们留下了自己的尸骸、燧石、壶罐、地名和部落名，此外就没留下什么，除了白人后继者的意识中并不清晰的污痕。

the soil of the illinois prairies is fat, rich and thick. after spring plowing it looks oil-blackened or colored by the soft coal which occurs in great veins throughout the state. in the fields you frequently see a small tipple, or a crazy-looking device that pumps oil and nods like the neck of a horse at a quick walk.... () along the roads, with intervals between them as neat and even as buttons on the cuff, sit steel storage bins, in form like the tents of mongolia. they are filled with grain. and the elevators and tanks, trucks and machines that crawl over the fields and blunder over the highways -- whatever you see is productive. it creates wealth, it stores wealth, it is wealth.

伊利诺伊大草原上，土壤肥沃、丰产而深厚。春耕之后，泥土油亮乌黑，像是被遍布全州的大矿脉里松软的烟煤染过似的。田野上你常常看到一种小型翻卸车，一种样子滑稽的抽油用的装置，就像飞奔中马匹的颈部上下抖动…… 沿途耸立着形似蒙古包的铁皮谷仓，它们之间的间距如同袖口的纽扣般排列得整齐划一。里面储满了谷物。还有升降机、储藏罐、卡车、机器缓慢地行驶在田野上，笨拙地奔走在公路上――你所见到的一切都能产生经济效益。这块土地创造财富，这块土地储存财富，这块土地本身就是财富。

as you pass the fields, you see signs the farmers have posted telling in short code what sort of seed they have planted. the farmhouses are seldom at the roadside, but far within the fields. the solitude and silence are deep and wide. then, when you have gone ten or twenty miles through cornfields without having seen a living thing, no cow, no dog, scarcely even a bird under the hot sky, suddenly you come upon a noisy contraption at the roadside, a system of contraptions, rather, for husking the corn and stripping the grain. it burns and bangs away, and the conveyor belts rattle....

当你穿过田野时，你见到农场主张贴的指示牌，上面用简短的标记写明他们播下的是什么种子。农舍通常不在路边，而是建在田野深处。那份寂寥和静谧既深沉又广大。当你穿行在玉米田间，行驶了十里，二十里，却看不到一个活物，看不到牛看不到狗，连晴热天空下的飞鸟也难见到，这时，突如其来地，你会见到路旁有个发出噪声的新奇的机械装置，或者说是一组机械装置，那是用来剥玉米壳碾谷的。它热得烫手，不停地砰砰作响，传送带咯嚓喀嚓地在运行……

when you leave, this noise and activity are cut off at one stroke: you are once more in the deaf, hot solitude of trembling air, alone in the cornfields.

你一走开，这声响，这动静就倏然消失：你重新回到那份无声的灼人的寂寥之中，呼吸颤动的空气，回到玉米田间，孤身一人……

north, south, east and west, there is no end to them. they line roads and streams and hem in the woods and surround towns, and they crowd into back yards and edge up to gas stations. () an exotic stranger might assume he had come upon a race of corn worshipers who had created a corn ocean;or that he was among a people who had fallen in love with infinite repetition of the same details, like the builders of skyscrapers in new york and chicago who have raised up bricks and windows by the thousands, and all alike. from corn you can derive notions of equality, or uniformity, massed democracy. you can, if you are given to that form of mental play, recall joseph's brethren in the lean years, and think how famine has been conquered here and super-abundance itself become such a danger that the government has to take measures against it.

东南西北，四面八方的玉米地望不到边。路边、溪边都种了玉米，林子、城镇四周也都种了玉米，玉米种满后院，甚至挤到了加油站。异乡客会以为自己来到了一个创建起玉米海洋的对玉米顶礼膜拜的民族，或以为自己身处那些偏爱无休止地重复同样细节的人们之中，就如同纽约、芝加哥那些摩天高楼的建造者，他们垒万砖安千窗，全都一个模样。在玉米田间，你可以获得平等的观念、划一的观念、大众民主的观念。如果你好做这类脑力游戏，你可以回想一下遇到荒年的约瑟夫兄弟，想一想在这里饥馑是如何被铲除的，过剩本身又如何成为一种危险，政府不得不对其采取措施。

the power, the monotony, the oceanic extent of the cornfields do indeed shrink up and dwarf the past. how are you to think of the small bands of illini, ottawas, cahokians, shawnee, miamis who camped in the turkey grass, and the french jesuits who descended the mississippi and found them. () when you force your mind to summon them, the indians appear rather doll-like in the radiance of the present moment. they are covered in the corn, swamped in the oil, hidden in the coal of franklin county, run over by the trains, turned phantom by the stockyards. there are monuments to them...throughout the state, but they are only historical ornaments to the pride of the present...

玉米地所展现的那种震撼力、那种千篇一律、浩瀚无垠的确使过去变得渺小。你不妨回想一下那些在草地设营的小群印第安人：伊里尼人、奥塔瓦人、卡豪凯扬人、肖尼人、迈阿密人，也不妨回想一下顺密西西比河而下、发现他们的法国耶稣会教徒。当你凝神回顾这些昔日的印第安人时，他们在今日的辉煌之前显得犹如玩偶。他们被玉米掩没，被石油淹没，被富兰克林县的煤埋没，被火车碾过，化作了在牲畜围场近旁出没的幽灵。为他们建的纪念碑……遍布全州，但这些不过是为今日的荣耀添彩的历史点缀……

大学英语教案篇5

活动目标

让幼儿在游戏的氛围中感受学习英语的乐趣。

使幼儿能听懂指示语并按要求作出相应的动作。

让幼儿能够掌握pencil、book、crayon三个单词以及复习boy和girl。

活动准备

pencil、book、crayon的实物各一、录音机及磁带

活动流程

1、课前准备阶段

师幼共同听音乐，唱英语歌《good morning》，活跃气氛，放松心情，为接下来的课做好充分的准备。

2、导入

t: today let’s play a game ,ok?